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Measuring PAR Distribution Across a 90P Using the Original ADA Solar RGB

Twenty underwater readings across a 90 cm tank under one ADA Solar RGB. Full method, raw data, the mounting-height test that backfired, and what a Solar RGB II would need to show to be worth it.

Introduction

When someone quotes a PAR figure for an aquarium light, it is almost always one number taken under the middle of the fixture. That number describes one spot.

I measured twenty instead, on the 1st and 2nd of August 2026, with an Apogee MQ-510 held underwater at each planted position. The tank is a 90P, 90 cm wide, under one ADA Solar RGB I bought from Aqua Forest Aquarium around 2020.

Project Goal

I wanted to know whether my light was still good enough. Reds at both ends of the tank were not coloring the way I expected, the fixture is six years old, and I had more or less decided it had lost output and needed replacing. That was the assumption I set out to confirm.

I also wanted a baseline I could re-run, so that changing the height or the fixture means comparing numbers rather than memories.

Measurement Philosophy · Experimental Methodology

Equipment Used

Each item has its own page. Status and service dates there are read from the inventory that runs the tank, so they cannot drift from what is installed.

ADA Solar RGB · Apogee MQ-510 · All documented equipment

Tank Configuration

The fixture is a good deal narrower than the tank is wide. Keep that in mind for everything below; it turned out to be the whole story.

The ADA Shade is on the fixture and was on for every reading. ADA states it prevents light leakage and enhances downward illuminance by up to approximately 15%. Two things follow from that, and both matter for reading the numbers below. It is a manufacturer figure for illuminance rather than a PPFD measurement, and I have not tested it. And because the shade never came off, whatever it contributes is already inside every figure in this article — it is not a percentage to add on top.

Format
90P, 90 × 45 × 45 cm, rimless
Estimated operating water volume
approximately 142 L (~37.5 US gal) after substrate, equipment displacement and headspace
Substrate
ADA Amazonia Ver.2 over Power Sand
Layout
Dutch-inspired street planting, twenty species
Fixture
ADA Solar RGB, single pendant, centered over the tank
Fixture accessory
ADA Shade fitted, and fitted for every reading below
Photoperiod
9:30am – 4:30pm
Output during survey
100%

Full setup · ADA — Shade for Solar RGB

Measurement Equipment

The sensor goes in the water. Readings taken above the surface do not describe what reaches a plant.

One correction is worth being explicit about, because it is easy to mistake for a spectral one: a quantum sensor calibrated in air reads low underwater, and the MQ-510 compensates with a fixed 1.32 multiplier. That factor is applied by the meter, not by me, and it is the same on every reading here.

I have not checked it against a reference, so I cannot vouch for absolute accuracy beyond the factory calibration and the ± 5% Apogee states for it. Every reading came from the same meter held the same way, which is what makes them comparable to each other regardless.

Instrument
Apogee MQ-510 underwater quantum meter
Quantity measured
Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)
Units
µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹
Spectral range
389–692 nm ± 5 nm, per Apogee's published specification
Underwater correction
The meter multiplies the reading by 1.32 to correct for the immersion effect, per Apogee's published specification
Calibration
Factory calibration, stated by Apogee at ± 5% uncertainty; no field recalibration performed

Apogee MQ-510 · Apogee — MQ-510 specifications

Measurement Procedure

Keeping the sensor level matters. Tilt it and the number changes without anything in the tank changing. I did this by hand, which is in the limitations below.

  1. 01Set the fixture to 100% output and allow the photoperiod to reach its steady state.
  2. 02Reduce ambient room lighting so the aquarium light dominates.
  3. 03Confirm the water is clear and the surface is free of film, since both alter transmission.
  4. 04Submerge the sensor and hold it level at the target location.
  5. 05Allow the reading to settle before recording it.
  6. 06Record the value against the numbered position, not against a description.
  7. 07Repeat for every position in the same order each time the survey is run.

Experimental Methodology

Measurement Locations

I measured at the plants rather than on a grid, which makes the numbers useful for placement but means this is not an even sample of the tank floor. The position numbers stay fixed between surveys so I can compare them later, one spot at a time.

Position map and labelled photograph

Environmental Conditions

Conditions held during the survey: aquarium light at full output with the ADA Shade fitted, room lighting minimized, water clear, readings taken mid-photoperiod.

Depth and fixture height were not recorded against the individual readings in this survey. The fixture was mounted at 12 inches above the water throughout, which is about 30 cm — the same distance ADA quotes its own illuminance figures at, and the mounting distance given for the current fixture. That height is a constant of this survey rather than a per-reading value, so it is stated here as a condition and not presented as stored measurement data. Depth per position is likewise absent. Both fields are captured by the logging tool now, and the next survey will carry them.

Live conditions at the time of reading

Raw PAR Measurements

Every reading, exactly as logged. Nothing smoothed, nothing dropped. Pulled from the database at page load, so it is the record itself rather than a copy.

PositionPPFDWorking rangeDeviation
01  Vallisneria nana1763050+126
02  Lobelia cardinalis 'Mini'905090in range
03  Alternanthera reineckii 'Mini'10070110in range
04  Myriophyllum 'Guyana'704070in range
05  Myriophyllum mattogrossense 'Golden'7060100in range
06  Rotala 'Orange Juice'13570110+25
07  Rotala 'Blood Red'15580120+35
08  Limnophila hippuridoides14570110+35
09  Pogostemon stellatus5070110-20
10  Hygrophila 'Kompakt'564070in range
11  Ludwigia arcuata8060100in range
12  Hygrophila pinnatifida9070110in range
13  Staurogyne repens1052550+55
14  Micranthemum 'Monte Carlo'1225090+32
15  Alternanthera 'Super Magenta'7670110in range
16  Ludwigia glandulosa (Peruensis)102100150in range
17  Rotala macrandra (FULL)95100150-5
18  Ludwigia 'Pantanal'9590130in range
19  Rotala wallichii7780120-3
20  Rotala macrandra 'Mini'12590130in range
Table 1 — Every reading as logged, in position order, against a practical working range for the species planted there. Units are µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹.

PAR Heat Map

The same numbers placed where they were taken. The table does not show you that the bright part is concentrated and sitting off to one side. This does.

1769010070701351551455056809010512276102959577125back (near light)front (glass)
50
176µmol/m²/s
Fig. 2 — Interpolated PPFD across the planted layout, viewed from above. The twenty marked points were measured; the field between them is inverse-distance weighted and should be read as a picture of the distribution rather than as data.

Plant-by-Plant Results

The table above compares each position against a working range for whatever is planted there. Those ranges are practical reference figures from grower guidance, not published thresholds, so treat the comparison as a prompt rather than a verdict.

Plant database

Observations

  • /The highest reading is more than three times the lowest. 176 at one end of the range, 50 at the other, with a mean of about 101.
  • /The high numbers sit in the middle and toward the back. The low ones are at the far left and far right.
  • /The front-to-back numbers were lopsided, which is what made me go and look at how the light was actually hanging.
  • /Plenty of positions fall outside the working range for whatever is planted there, and not only on the low side.

Unexpected Findings

Two things came out of this that I did not expect.

The light is not weak. The middle of the tank reads inside the working range used here for demanding reds. The problem is that all of that intensity sits over a fraction of the width. What I have is a coverage problem rather than a peak-output problem, and I had that backwards for about six years.

Those two things are not independent, though, and it took me a while to see why. The lever for coverage is mounting height: lift a fixture and the footprint widens. But lifting it also costs intensity everywhere, which is what appears to have made the ends worse when I raised mine. It had no surplus output to spend. A fixture with meaningfully more output could pay for that height and come out ahead at the edges, though that is a prediction rather than something I have measured. Extra brightness is not the goal in itself; it is the currency you spend on spread.

The light was also hanging about an inch off-center front to back. I only found that because the numbers were lopsided and nothing else explained it. It looked fine. It had presumably looked fine for years.

Experiment 001 · PAR mapping · Experiment 002 · Mounting height

Raising the fixture made the edges worse

The obvious fix for a narrow beam is to lift the light. Raise it and the cone widens, so the ends should pick up. I did not want to buy anything before trying the free option, so I raised the fixture and re-measured the outer positions with the same meter, same time of day, nothing else touched.

The end readings went down. Not up.

Raising a fixture already narrower than the tank does widen the beam, but much of that spread appears to land outside the glass. You lose intensity everywhere and gain little where you wanted it. The light went back to where it started.

The usual advice is to raise a light if the edges are dim. On this 90 cm tank under a compact pendant, it appeared to make things worse. I have not found this tested anywhere with numbers, which is why it is here.

The raised-position readings were taken as a check at the time and were not kept as a separate labelled set alongside the standing survey. The fixture was returned to its original height on the strength of them, but I cannot publish a clean before-and-after table for this one, so treat it as a recorded observation that decided an action rather than as a documented result. Any repeat will be logged as its own survey under the current standard.

Experiment 002 · Mounting height · ADA Solar RGB

Limitations

  • /The sensor was hand-held. Position and orientation are repeatable to the precision a hand allows, not to a fixed jig.
  • /Depth and fixture height are not stored against these twenty readings, so the survey cannot be reproduced dimensionally from the record alone.
  • /The survey is a single time point. No repeat measurements were taken to establish variance between runs.
  • /Readings were taken at the plants' current heights during grow-in. As stems grow, the leaves that matter rise toward the light and these figures will no longer describe them.
  • /Only the factory calibration stands behind absolute accuracy; no independent reference was used.
  • /One aquarium, one fixture, one room. Nothing here establishes what a different tank would measure.

What These Measurements Do NOT Mean

  • /They do not establish that any plant will or will not color up. Light is one input among several.
  • /They do not grade the fixture. A measurement of distribution on one 90 cm tank is not a verdict on a product.
  • /They do not define requirements for any species. The working ranges used for comparison are reference figures, not thresholds.
  • /They do not describe any other aquarium, and should not be transferred to one.
  • /They do not account for CO₂, nutrient availability, flow, water clarity over time, or the plants' own history, all of which bear on the outcome the light is often blamed or credited for.

Why PAR is only one variable

Conclusion

Measuring twenty spots instead of one changed my answer. The question I started with, whether the light was strong enough, was the wrong one. The fixture still produces strong center readings. The limiting issue in this layout is how unevenly that output is distributed.

That saved me from buying a light that would not have fixed anything, and sent me looking at fixture position instead, where I found a real problem.

What I hope to learn from a Solar RGB II

I have not bought one. The reason I want to try it is specific, and it is worth separating who is claiming what.

The manufacturer's claim, stated as carefully as I can: retailer listings for the Solar RGB II quote up to 31,000 lux ± 10% at 30 cm, and give 30 cm above the water as the intended mounting distance. The figure of roughly 1.5 times brighter than the original circulates widely, and it is close to the ratio of the two published illuminance figures, but I have not been able to trace it to anything ADA publishes directly — ADA's own Solar RGB page lists LED count, wattage and colour temperature without an illuminance figure at all. Treat 1.5× as a retail claim of uncertain provenance rather than a manufacturer specification.

There is a second problem with that number, and it is the same problem this whole article is about: lux is a point measurement weighted for the human eye, taken 30 cm under the middle of the fixture. It is not PPFD, and it says nothing about what happens 45 cm to either side. A fixture could be half again as bright directly underneath and still leave the ends of a 90 cm tank exactly where they are now.

My measurements: the readings in this article, taken on this tank with this meter. They say the constraint here is coverage rather than peak output, and that raising this particular fixture cost more at the ends than the wider footprint gave back.

My hypothesis, which is neither of the above: if a replacement starts with roughly 1.5 times the output, that surplus may be enough to cover the loss from hanging it higher and still leave the ends better off than they are now. That is a question I can answer with the same twenty positions, and it is stated here so it can be shown to be wrong.

Brightness quoted at one point is not the same as usable light across 90 cm, which is the whole subject of this article.

So the first thing I would measure is not peak PAR. It is the center-to-edge ratio at a matched height, and then the same ratio again with the fixture raised to whatever height the extra output can afford. If the ends end up higher than the numbers in this article while the center stays reasonable, it worked. If they do not, that is worth publishing too.

  • /Center-to-edge ratio at a matched mounting height, compared against the numbers in this article
  • /Whether the useful spread is any wider on a 90 cm span, measured at the same twenty positions
  • /Readings at substrate and at canopy height, since those diverge as stems fill in
  • /DLI over the same photoperiod, so the two can be compared on daily light rather than instantaneous intensity
  • /How far it can be raised before the ends fall back to where they are today, which is the number that decides whether the extra output is worth anything on this tank
  • /Photographs of the same scape under both, at matched camera settings

Experiment 004 · Solar RGB II · How comparisons are run · ADA — Solar RGB · Solar RGB II retail listing and specifications

Future Work

  • /Run a height series: the same outer positions measured at several mounting heights, to get an exchange rate between inches of height and PPFD at the edges. That single curve would let anyone predict whether a brighter fixture is worth it on their own tank, and I have not found it published anywhere.
  • /Repeat the survey more than once to establish run-to-run variance.
  • /Measure the same positions at canopy height as the stems fill in, alongside the substrate-level figures.
  • /Derive DLI from PPFD and photoperiod so fixtures can be compared on daily light integral rather than instantaneous intensity.
  • /Re-measure after the fixture is centered front-to-back, and record the difference.
  • /Run the identical procedure against a second fixture to make a like-for-like comparison.

Experiment 004 · Solar RGB II · Experiment 005 · Canopy PAR · Project roadmap